An NIH DARPA?
Recommendation 7:  Create a Director’s Special Projects Program
A discrete program, the director's Special Projects Program, should be established in OD [Office of Director] to fund the initiation of high-risk, exceptionally innovative research projects offering high potential payoff.
“In a broad sense, the Committee imagines the program to be patterned after the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA).”
“Enhancing the Vitality of the National Institutes of Health: Organizational Change to Meet New Challenges”
National Research Council & Institute of Medicine July 2003